Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2024; 29(6): 1095-1107  
Hydrolysates of Pomacea canaliculata alleviate testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in in vitro and in vivo models
Min Yeong Kim 1,2 · Hyun Hwangbo 1,2 · Seon Yeong Ji 1,2 · Da Hye Kim 1,2 · EunJin Bang 1,2 · Sung-Kwon Moon 3 · Seok Joong Yun 4 · Wun-Jae Kim 4,5 · Gi-Young Kim 6 · You-Jin Jeon 6 · Suengmok Cho 7 · Yung Hyun Choi 1,2
1 Department of Biochemistry, Dong-Eui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 47227, Korea
2 Basic Research Laboratory for the Regulation of Microplastic-Mediated Diseases and Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47227, Korea
3 Department of Food and Nutrition, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
4 Department of Urology, Chungbuk National University College of Medicine, Cheongju 28644, Korea
5 Institute of Urotech, Cheongju 28120, Korea
6 Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea
7 Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea
Correspondence to: ✉ Yung Hyun Choi
choiyh@deu.ac.kr
Received: June 18, 2024; Revised: September 18, 2024; Accepted: October 3, 2024; Published online: October 16, 2024.
© The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a common condition in elderly men, is usually induced by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is converted from testosterone by α -reductase, and androgen signaling. This study aimed to investigate the potential ameliorative effect of the hydrolysate extract of Pomacea canaliculata (HPC) on BPH development in in vitro and in vivo models. The results revealed that the hyperproliferation of LnCaP prostate cells induced by DHT treatment was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with HPC; DHT treatment induced the expression of growth factors and transforming growth factor-β ; however, this effect was counteracted in the presence of HPC. Moreover, the DHT-induced expression and production of the androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen were reduced by pretreatment with HPC. This effect was accompanied by the inhibition of changes in the expression of apoptosis regulators, inflammatory cytokines, and cyclooxygenase-2. In the testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH model constructed using Sprague–Dawley rats, HPC alleviated prostate hypertrophy and BPH-related pathological characteristics. Furthermore, similar to the in vitro results, HPC attenuated the expression of cell proliferation markers and factors related to apoptosis and inflammation in rats with TP-induced BPH. HPC also lowered the expression of AR and 5 α -reductase, which converts testosterone to DHT. Thus, HPC can inhibit prostate growth by regulating the AR signaling pathway in the prostate, suggesting that HPC could be used as a potential agent for the prevention or treatment of BPH.
Keywords: Pomacea canaliculata · Hydrolysate extract · Benign prostatic hyperplasia · Androgen receptor · 5 α -reductase

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