Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2024; 29(6): 993-1002  
Co-production of biosurfactant and indigo using wild-type Acinetobacter sp. isolated from soil
Chan-Seo Yeo 1 · Pammidimarri D. V. N. Sudheer 2 · Kwon-Young Choi 1,3,4
1 Graduate School of Environmental Engineering , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
2 Discipline of Industrial Biotechnology , Gujarat Biotechnology University , Gandhinagar , Gujarat 382355 , India
3 Advanced College of Bio-Convergence , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
4 Department of Molecular Science & Technology , Ajou University , Suwon 16499 , Korea
Correspondence to: ✉ Kwon-Young Choi
kychoi@ajou.ac.kr
Received: April 7, 2024; Revised: August 1, 2024; Accepted: August 20, 2024; Published online: August 20, 2024.
© The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
In this research, we investigated a naturally occurring, non-genetically modified strain of Acinetobacter sp., isolated from soil, which demonstrated the capability to produce both indigo and biosurfactant. During the screening, indole was used as the sole carbon source in M9 minimal medium. The strain exhibiting the most intense blue coloration was isolated and further analyzed. The blue dye extracted from the cell culture was confirmed as indigo through LC/MS analysis, showing an m/z value of 263.5, and H-NMR analysis. In LB medium, the wild-type Acinetobacter sp. strain produced approximately 6.8 mg/L of indigo from 1 mM indole. However, in M9 minimal medium, the production yield significantly increased to 45.5 mg/L. Notably, the isolated strain showed vigorous bubbling during growth, which could facilitate the transport of indole and indigo dye, both of which have low solubility, across cell membranes. Additionally, this strain was capable of degrading medium-chain C12 alkane efficiently. The whole genome was fully sequenced and analyzed for genes concerning biosurfactant and alkane metabolisms. In conclusion, utilizing a wild-type strain for indigo production offers a promising alternative to traditional chemical processes, addressing concerns related to genetically modified organisms in future applications.
Keywords: Acinetobacter sp. · Indigo dye · Indole · Biosurfactant

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