Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2024; 29(6): 981-992  
1-Deoxynojirimycin-producing bacteria: production, optimization, biosynthesis, biological activities
Hyunjin Lee 1,2 · Myung-Ji Seo 1,2,3 · Sungho Jang 1,2,3
1 Department of Bioengineering and Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
2 Research Center for Bio Materials and Process Development, Incheon National University , Incheon 22012 , Korea
3 Division of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering , Incheon National University, Incheon 22012 , Korea
Correspondence to: ✉ Myung-Ji Seo
mjseo@inu.ac.kr

✉ Sungho Jang
sjang@inu.ac.kr
Received: February 26, 2024; Revised: September 19, 2024; Accepted: October 8, 2024; Published online: October 24, 2024.
© The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
1-Deoxynojirimycin (1-DNJ), a polyhydroxylated alkaloid piperidine compound, is naturally produced by plants, insects, and bacteria. While 1-DNJ is known for its anti-diabetic effects, it has recently been used as a therapeutic agent for antiobesity, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities, as well as for cosmetic applications, such as anti-aging. We focused our review on 1-DNJ produced by bacteria that are amenable to industrial utilization. We organized the 1-DNJ-producing bacteria into Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, other Bacillus species, and Streptomyces species and compared the optimal culture conditions for enhancing 1-DNJ production in each strain. We investigated studies on established 1-DNJ biosynthetic pathways and genes in Bacillus and Streptomyces species and introduced metabolic engineering to enhance 1-DNJ production using 1-DNJ biosynthetic genes. We also introduced methods for the qualitative and quantitative detection of 1-DNJ, as well as the biological functions and potential applications of 1-DNJ produced by bacteria.
Keywords: 1-Deoxynojirimycin · Bacterial production · Detection methods · Biosynthetic pathway

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