Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2024; 29(3): 551-563  
Dual-drug-loaded MSCs-derived exosomal vesicles inhibit endometrial cancer cell proliferation by promoting apoptosis through the migration and invasion of Rac1/NF-κB/MMP2 signalling pathway
Junxian Ma1,2 · Junwei Zhang3 · Shumei Liu4 · Shan Gao5 · Hongli Xi2 · Zhongmin Wang5
1 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116000, China
2 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affi liated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
3 Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affi liated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
4 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Eco-City Hospital of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin 300467, China
5 Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dalian Women and Children’s Medical Group, NO.1, Planning No. 1 Road, Sports New Town Ganjingzi District, Dalian 116000, Liaoning, China
Correspondence to: Zhongmin Wang
Zhongmin_Wang15@hotmail.com
Received: October 11, 2023; Revised: February 9, 2024; Accepted: February 19, 2024; Published online: March 18, 2024.
© The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Endometrial carcinoma affects the uterine lining. Endogenous activity, intrinsic targeting, and ability to engage with a host defence system make exosomal vehicles (EVs) a viable cancer treatment alternative. Due to these benefits, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived EVs loaded with carboplatin and paclitaxel could resemble immune cells to fight cancer. This study found that Car-Pac@EVs downregulated endometrial cancer (EC) cells relative to normal endometrium. Car-Pac@EVs' effects on ECC-1 and HEC-1A EC cells at different doses were examined in vitro. To detect cancer, MTT, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were used. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting and qRT-PCR. Car-Pac@EVs were affected by time- and dose-dependent EC cell proliferation reductions. In EC cells, Car-Pac@EVs triggered apoptosis. Car-Pac@EVs formulation reduced EC cell migration and invasion by reducing MMP-2 expression via Rac1/NF-κB signalling. The results indicated that Car-Pac@EVs may be an effective EC diagnosis and treatment target.
Keywords: Exosomal vesicle · Endometrial cancer · Apoptosis · Proliferation · Cytotoxicity

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