Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2024; 29(3): 465-482  
Omics and CRISPR in CHO bioproduction: a state-of-the-art review
Soofia Sorourian1,2 · Abbas Behzad Behbahani2 · Gholamreza Rafiei Dehbidi2 · Farahnaz Zare2 · Safar Farajnia3 · Haniyeh Najafi4 · Fatemeh Safari2
1 Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht 73711-13119, Iran
2 Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran
3 Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 51664-14766, Iran
4 Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7146864685, Iran
Correspondence to: Fatemeh Safari
safarifat@sums.ac.ir
Received: June 19, 2023; Revised: August 26, 2023; Accepted: October 9, 2023; Published online: March 29, 2024.
© The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been routinely used as a factory for recombinant proteins for several years, and their improvements have been the focus of consideration. Over the past two decades, omics have been developed that have great momentum for the future, equipped with nucleic acid sequencing, mass spectrometry, peptide sequencing, and statistical and computational capabilities. Functional omics, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, epigenomics, metabolomics, and glycomics, have been recruited to promote CHO cell productivity. Recent breakthrough advances in CRISPR systems of this century are revolutionizing cell research and development. In recent years, various researchers have used the CRISPR system for gene knockout/in, gene activation or repression, epigenetic modulation, etc., in CHO cells as a genome-editing tool kit. Omics and CRISPR technology is poised to identify genes involved in increasing recombinant protein production and molecular insights. The development of novel technologies to modify CHO genome such as CRISPR/Cas9 and the establishment of a sufficiently broad range of molecular and biological data will help to develop new approaches to improve commercially valuable traits in CHO cells. The CRISPR/Cas9 technology enables fast, precise, and simple modification of the mammalian genome. This technology has numerous applications, including genome-wide screening and the control or alteration of specific genes. Researchers in the CHO community can now easily modify the genome to study the mechanisms involved in high-level protein synthesis and desired product quality attributes. This review provides an overview of omics and the CRISPR system as a toolbox for the optimization of recombinant protein yield in CHO cells.
Keywords: CHO cells · CRISPR-cas systems · Omics · Recombinant proteins · Genomics · Proteomics

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