Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering 2023; 28(3): 428-438  
An Aligned Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) Scaffold Fixed with Fibronectin to Enhance the Attachment and Growth of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells
Chien-Ning Hsu, Ya-Ting Lin, Yu-Hsu Chen, Tsung-Yu Tseng, Hsing-Fen Tsai, Shinn-Gwo Hong, and Chao-Ling Yao
Chien-Ning Hsu, Ya-Ting Lin, Shinn-Gwo Hong, Chao-Ling Yao
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Yuan Ze University, Chung-Li, Taoyuan City 32003, Taiwan
Chien-Ning Hsu, Yu-Hsu Chen
Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taoyuan Dist., Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan
Yu-Hsu Chen
Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu Dist., Taipei City 11490, Taiwan
Tsung-Yu Tseng, Chao-Ling Yao*
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, East Dist., Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
Tel: +886-6-2757575; Fax: +886-6-2344496
E-mail: yao8@gs.ncku.edu.tw; s897601@oz.nthu.edu.tw
Hsing-Fen Tsai
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, East Dist., Tainan City 70146, Taiwan
Received: August 29, 2022; Revised: October 11, 2022; Accepted: October 25, 2022; Published online: June 30, 2023.
© The Korean Society for Biotechnology and Bioengineering. All rights reserved.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of vascular tissue is a crucial current research focus in the fields of biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine. Numerous studies revealed that cells are required to grow on an appropriate extracellular matrix to maintain or enhance functionality. In the present study, various surface modification methods were evaluated to fix fibronectin on the surface of a bio-based and aligned poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) film for vascular tissue engineering. After chemical modification, the properties of the fibronectin-fixed PHBV films were examined and compared with the original films, including -NH2 group expression, contact angle, mechanical properties, and fibronectin binding amount. Then, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were measured by culture with L929 cells and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) of the fibronectin-fixed PHBV films. In addition, cell morphology, cell growth kinetics, acetylated low-density lipoprotein uptake ability, lectin binding ability and specific gene expressions of cultured EPCs on fibronectin-fixed PHBV films were also analyzed. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the surface of the aligned PHBV films could be successfully modified to immobilize fibronectin. Importantly, EPCs cultured on the fibronectin-fixed PHBV films showed excellent cell biocompatibility, a rapid proliferation rate, an aligned growth direction and correct cell functions. We believed that fibronectin-fixed PHBV films can serve as a potential scaffold for vascular tissue engineering.
Keywords: endothelial progenitor cell, fibronectin, poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate), surface modification, vascular tissue engineering

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